A ball valve functions as a quarter-turn valve, which controls flow through a hollow, perforated, and pivoting sphere, hence the name. It is in the same valve family as butterfly valves and plug valves, which are also quarter-turn valves. The sphere has a port, or a bore, in its center, which is critical to its function. When the bore in the ball valve function is lined up with the associated pipeline, the valve is open, so fluid can move through the bore. http://www.tfcvalve.com/ball-valve/